2014考研英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)：作文高分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)_跨考網(wǎng)

　　一、 內(nèi)容切題，包括提綱的全部?jī)?nèi)容

　　作文的高分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)首先是要切題。許多考生認(rèn)為作文題己有要求和提綱，按題目寫(xiě)作不會(huì)出問(wèn)題。但事實(shí)往往并非如此，許多考生仍然跑題或扣不準(zhǔn)題。有的考生辭不達(dá)意，有的考生主題不突出，還有的考生照搬照抄，結(jié)果文不對(duì)題。下面是跨考教育為大家詳細(xì)解析這部分：

　　所謂的切題指不偏離主題，提綱的所有內(nèi)容都是圍繞主題來(lái)展開(kāi)的。

　　Example

　　Title: Good Health

　　Outline: 1. Importance of good health

　　2. Ways to ensure a good health

　　文章的主題很顯然是談?wù)摻】祮?wèn)題，同時(shí)是圍繞健康的重要性和怎樣保持健康的身體兩方面來(lái)談?wù)摰摹Ｓ械目忌唇?jīng)仔細(xì)審題便匆匆落筆，結(jié)果將文章寫(xiě)成“健康與財(cái)富”，不能滿(mǎn)足評(píng)分標(biāo)的第一項(xiàng)要求。一篇較好的文章如下：

　　Good Health

　　Good health is the best reassurance a person can possess. The world, with all its attractions and wonders, is open to those who have wealth, but they cannot enjoy it unless they have good health. It is very difficult for a man, no matter how rich, powerful or learned he may be, to be happy without good health. But if he enjoys good health, a poor and humble man can be happy. There is no doubt, therefore, that“Good health is the best wealth”

　　The human body is wonderful engine .It is far more delicate than a locomotive .Everyone must be the engineer and fireman of his own body. If well maintained, If it is out of order, its master will suffer. There are a number of useful rules which will ensure good health if people follow them.

　　Cleanliness-The body needs to be kept clean. It should be washed at least once a week in winter and once a day in summer.

　　Fresh air- One of the chief constituents of the air is oxygen, which is necessary for life. We ought to see that our rooms are always full of fresh air.

　　Food-Care should be taken that the food is wholesome and suited to the constitution.

　　Exercise-The muscle must be all kept exercised, although not to excess.

　　Sleep-The hours of sleep are very valuable, during which the mind is kept as calm and peaceful as possible. We cannot have good health unless the brain be renewed by sleep.

　　所以一開(kāi)始短文寫(xiě)作，考生應(yīng)注意以下幾個(gè)方面：

　　1.認(rèn)真審題。先分析題目所包含的內(nèi)容和信息，把握住出題者的意圖，確定文章屬于哪一種體裁，思考表達(dá)文體和寫(xiě)作手法，以能將主題思想完美表達(dá)出來(lái)。然后仔細(xì)閱讀作文要求、提綱或其他相關(guān)內(nèi)容(如圖表、圖畫(huà)、數(shù)字說(shuō)明等)，注意抓住題目和提綱中的關(guān)鍵詞及提綱要點(diǎn)之間的銜接和邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)一步考慮怎樣組織段落來(lái)突出主題。以下面的試題為例：

　　(1) Money is regarded by some people as the most important thing in life…

　　(2) But money can not buy everything…

　　(3) There are people who gamble or cheat to obtain money…

　　對(duì)于這類(lèi)試題，由于標(biāo)題和每段的主題句都己具備，考生要注意的就是在題目所提示的主題思想基礎(chǔ)上，按照各段主題句關(guān)鍵作出的提示和思想進(jìn)行深入的論述和發(fā)揮。很明顯，本文屬于議論文題材，需要考生發(fā)表議論和看法。要注意的是，第一段中“some people”提示論述的是別人的觀點(diǎn)，而第二段和第三段談?wù)摰牟攀亲约旱挠^點(diǎn)和看法。如果在閱讀要求時(shí)不認(rèn)真，審題不仔細(xì)，就會(huì)把第一段也寫(xiě)成自己的觀點(diǎn)，結(jié)果使第二段和第一段的不能自銜接，在邏輯上也出現(xiàn)混亂。

　　2.組織段落，構(gòu)思選材。段落圍繞主題來(lái)展開(kāi)，但各個(gè)段落也有主題句和段落中心。主題句即本段的論點(diǎn)，圍繞論點(diǎn)提供論據(jù)抓住了段落中心，而句子之間或段落之間的承上啟下，過(guò)渡連貫，句型邏輯等也要同進(jìn)考慮，對(duì)于材料的取舍也應(yīng)該胸有成竹，避免下筆時(shí)無(wú)章可循，離題萬(wàn)里。例如：

　　Advertising

　　(1) Nowadays advertisements are found everywhere

　　(2) Advertisements fill almost every minute of a day

　　(3) No one can avoid being influenced by ads.

　　從標(biāo)題和三段主題句的提示中可以看出，主題思想己很明確，從體裁來(lái)看，本文屬于敘述文，對(duì)生活中的一些事實(shí)進(jìn)行陳述，同時(shí)附帶自己的看法。文章為三段式結(jié)構(gòu)，段首句均為主題句，要注意找出句子的關(guān)鍵詞，它們分別為：第一段主題句中是“everywhere”;第三段主題句中是“every minute”;第三段主題句中為“no one can avoid”。每段主題句之后的擴(kuò)展句均要圍繞這些關(guān)鍵詞來(lái)展開(kāi)和發(fā)揮，同時(shí)考生要注意控制每段字?jǐn)?shù)。