2014年考研英語一完型真題及答案

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　　2014年考研英語一完型真題及答案

　　As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can't remember where we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance's name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain fades, we euphemistically refer to these occurrences as "senior moments."

　　While seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a damaging impact on our professional, social, and personal wellbeing.

　　It happens to most of us, but is it inevitable?

　　Neuroscientists are increasingly showing that there's actually a lot that can be done. It turns that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental workouts can significantly improve our basic cognitive functions. Thinking is essentially a process of making neural connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to excel in making the neural connections that drive intelligence is inherited. However, because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate according to mental effort.

　　Now, a new San Francisco Web-based company has taken it a step further and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental sharpness. Called Lumosity, it was designed by some of the leading experts in neuroscience and cognitive psychology from Stanford University.

　　Lumosity, is far more than an online place to exercise your mental skills. That's because they have integrated these exercises into a Web-based program that allows you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps track of your progress and provides detailed feedback on your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it constantly modifies and enhances the games you play to build on the strengths you are developing--much like an effective exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.

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　　一近中年，很多人會注意到他們的記憶力和思維清晰度不再像從前那樣了。我們會突然不能記得剛才把鑰匙放在哪里了、不記得某個(gè)親戚的姓名了、或者不記得曾經(jīng)癡迷的那個(gè)老樂隊(duì)的名字了。大腦退化造成諸多事宜的發(fā)生，我們委婉地稱之為“瞬間性老年癡呆”。

　　雖然表面上看起來沒什么，但是這種精神能量的缺失會給我們的職業(yè)、社會還有個(gè)人幸福帶來有害的影響。

　　大部分人都會遇到，可是，它難道是無法避免的嗎?

　　越來越多的精神學(xué)家們都表示，大腦其實(shí)跟肌肉一樣需要練習(xí)運(yùn)動，正確的智力運(yùn)動能極大地提高我們最基本的認(rèn)知功能。思考是大腦神經(jīng)連接必要的過程。某種程度上而言，驅(qū)動智力發(fā)展的神經(jīng)連接能力是遺傳的?？墒?，這些連接也是通過不斷的努力和練習(xí)而形成的?？茖W(xué)家們相信，智力可以拓展，也能通過心力而高低變動。

　　圣弗蘭西斯科一家名叫l(wèi)umosity的網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司先行一步和來自斯坦福大學(xué)的精神學(xué)家和認(rèn)知心理學(xué)家一起開發(fā)出一個(gè)名叫“大腦訓(xùn)練”的項(xiàng)目，旨在幫助人們提高并重獲精神動力。

　　Lumosity遠(yuǎn)不只是一個(gè)在線通過練習(xí)提高智力的地方。因?yàn)樗麄儗⑺麄兊倪@些練習(xí)集成于網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)的項(xiàng)目中，能夠很系統(tǒng)地提高你的記憶力和注意力。這個(gè)項(xiàng)目會記錄到你的進(jìn)步，然后會對你的表現(xiàn)和提高提供詳細(xì)的反饋給你。最重要的是，它會經(jīng)常性的根據(jù)你正研究的強(qiáng)項(xiàng)修正并加強(qiáng)你所玩的游戲，它更像是一次有效的日常練習(xí)，會要求你增加抵抗力并改變肌肉的使用。

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