2013考研英語臨考必備 作文應急策略_跨考網(wǎng)

　　一、換用籠統(tǒng)詞

　　詞大體可分為兩類：籠統(tǒng)詞和具體詞?；\統(tǒng)詞的特點在于意義廣泛、搭配性強。雖然它們獨自不能精確表達一個動作，但在構成詞組以后可替代很多具體詞。寫作中遇到一些具體詞寫不出來的時候，用籠統(tǒng)詞取代，能收到異曲同工之妙。最常用的籠統(tǒng)詞有 have，take等。

　　例：邁克經(jīng)歷了一個極其艱苦的時代。Mike experienced a terrible hard time.寫作時，若忘記了experience可用籠統(tǒng)詞have代替，寫成Mike had a terrible hard time.同樣能收到預期效果。這樣的例子還很多。如：

　　Do you understand my meaning, sir? = Do you take my meaning, sir?

　　I will preside over the meeting. = I will take the meeting.

　　I will subscribe to the local newspaper. = I will take the local newspaper.

　　They occupied the city. = They took the city.

　　The boy resembles his father. = The boy takes after his father.

　　從以上的例句不難看出，具體詞音節(jié)較多，使用頻率不高，容易遺忘，而籠統(tǒng)詞則不然。因此，在作文應試中，籠統(tǒng)詞取代具體詞，不失為一種應急良策。

　　二、換用同義詞、反義詞等相關詞匯

　　遇到未曾學過的詞或一時想不起的詞時，可采用發(fā)散性思維，發(fā)揮想象力，盡可能想出與之有關的同義詞、反義詞，利用語言的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系、多層次、多角度地運用語言，使單詞受阻現(xiàn)象得以解決。

　　例：昨晚李雷做了一場惡夢。

　　Li Lei had a nightmare last night.因nightmare使用率不高，不易記住。但其同義詞bad dream易記。上句可換譯為：Li Lei had a bad dream last night.

　　再如：The food is tasty.=The food is nice toeat.=The food is delicious.

　　We discontinued the work at nine.=We stopped the work at nine.

　　This woman is talkative.=This woman is never quiet.

　　This car is expensive.=This car is not cheap.

　　另外：

　　He is stupid. = He is foolish. = He is a fool. = He is silly.

　　The food is delicious. = The food is tasty. = The food is nice to eat.

　　They discontinued the work at five. = They stopped the work at five.

　　His temper is nasty. = His temper is terrible. = He has a bad temper.

　　英語語言中詞與詞之間是有聯(lián)系的，詞與詞之間語義的“共核”現(xiàn)象即所謂的同義詞。豐富的同義詞給我們提供了極大的方便。

　　同樣，用其反義詞來取代某一遺忘了的詞也是可行的，請看下面的例子：

　　He is stubborn. = He is not tame.

　　The knife is blunt. = The knife is not sharp.

　　This is expensive. = This is not cheap.

　　She is talkative. = She is never quiet.