2014考研英語:翻譯習題精選(二十)_跨考網(wǎng)
2014考研英語:翻譯習題精選(二十)
Animal rights is the concept that all or some animals are entitled to possess their own lives, and that animals are deserving of moral rights to protect their autonomy and well being. The animal rights view rejects the concept that animals are merely capital goods or property intended for the benefit of humans. (46) The concept is often confused with animal welfare, which is the philosophy that takes cruelty towards animals and animal suffering into account, but that does not necessarily assign specific moral rights to them.
The animal rights philosophy does not necessarily maintain that human and non-human animals are equal. For example, animal rights advocates do not call for voting rights for chickens. (47) Some also would make a distinction between sentient or self-aware animals and lower life forms, with the belief that only animals with self-awareness should be afforded the right to possess their own lives and bodies, without regard to how they are valued by humans. Others would extend this right to all animals, even those without developed nervous systems or consciousness. (48) They maintain that any human or human institutions that commoditizes animals for food, entertainment, clothing, scientific testing, or for any other purpose, infringes upon their fundamental rights to possess themselves and to pursue their own ends, which, therefore, is unethical.
Of course, this argument assumes that a particular species or individual animal is capable of “having ends” which it is capable of “pursuing” in any meaningful manner. Few people would deny that other great apes are highly cognitive animals who can reflect on their own condition and goals and can become frustrated when their freedoms are severely curtailed. In contrast, many other animals, like jelly fish, have only extremely simple nervous systems, and are little more than simple automata, capable only of simple reflexes but incapable of formulating any “ends to their actions” or “plans to pursue” them, and equally unable to notice whether they are in captivity or free. (49) By the criteria that Biologists use, jelly fish are undeniably animals, while from an “animal rights” perspective, it is questionable whether they should not rather be considered “vegetables”. Clearly, merely being alive is not enough to be accorded “rights”, as no one has yet seriously proposed that plants should be accorded rights (even though some plants are clearly worthy of protection, but that is another matter). (50) There is as yet no consensus with regards to which qualities make a living organism an “animal in the animal rights sense”.
參考譯文:
46. 動物權利的概念經(jīng)常與動物福利相混淆,關于動物福利的觀點會考慮殘害動物和動物痛苦等問題,但它不一定賦予動物具體的道德權利。
47. 有些人還在有知覺力或者有自我意識的動物與更為低級的生命形式之間劃清界線,相信只有具有自我意識的動物才能享有擁有自己生命和身體的權利,而不用考慮人類如何對待它們。
48. 他們堅持認為,任何把動物商品化的個人或者機構,如把動物用于食物、娛樂、服飾、科學試驗或者其他任何目的,都是對擁有自己、追求自己的目標等動物基本權利的侵犯,因此是不道德的。
49. 按照生物學家使用的標準,海蜇毫無疑問屬于動物之列,而從“動物權利”角度來看,是否不該把它們看作“蔬菜”是值得懷疑的。
50. 關于哪些品質(zhì)使一種活的生命成為“動物權利意義上的動物”,到現(xiàn)在(至今)還沒有達成一致意見。
2022考研初復試已經(jīng)接近尾聲,考研學子全面進入2023屆備考,跨考為23考研的考生準備了10大課包全程準備、全年復習備考計劃、目標院校專業(yè)輔導、全真復試模擬練習和全程針對性指導;2023考研的小伙伴針也已經(jīng)開始擇校和復習了,跨考考研暢學5.0版本全新升級,無論你在校在家都可以更自如的完成你的考研復習,暑假集訓營帶來了院校專業(yè)初步選擇,明確方向;考研備考全年規(guī)劃,核心知識點入門;個性化制定備考方案,助你贏在起跑線,早出發(fā)一點離成功就更近一點!
考研院校專業(yè)選擇和考研復習計劃 | |||
2023備考學習 | 2023線上線下隨時學習 | 34所自劃線院??佳袕驮嚪謹?shù)線匯總 | |
2022考研復試最全信息整理 | 全國各招生院校考研復試分數(shù)線匯總 | ||
2023全日制封閉訓練 | 全國各招生院??佳姓{(diào)劑信息匯總 | ||
2023考研先知 | 考研考試科目有哪些? | 如何正確看待考研分數(shù)線? | |
不同院校相同專業(yè)如何選擇更適合自己的 | 從就業(yè)說考研如何擇專業(yè)? | ||
手把手教你如何選專業(yè)? | 高校研究生教育各學科門類排行榜 |
相關推薦
跨考考研課程
班型 | 定向班型 | 開班時間 | 高定班 | 標準班 | 課程介紹 | 咨詢 |
秋季集訓 | 沖刺班 | 9.10-12.20 | 168000 | 24800起 | 小班面授+專業(yè)課1對1+專業(yè)課定向輔導+協(xié)議加強課程(高定班)+專屬規(guī)劃答疑(高定班)+精細化答疑+復試資源(高定班)+復試課包(高定班)+復試指導(高定班)+復試班主任1v1服務(高定班)+復試面授密訓(高定班)+復試1v1(高定班) | |
2023集訓暢學 | 非定向(政英班/數(shù)政英班) | 每月20日 | 22800起(協(xié)議班) | 13800起 | 先行階在線課程+基礎階在線課程+強化階在線課程+真題階在線課程+沖刺階在線課程+專業(yè)課針對性一對一課程+班主任全程督學服務+全程規(guī)劃體系+全程測試體系+全程精細化答疑+擇校擇專業(yè)能力定位體系+全年關鍵環(huán)節(jié)指導體系+初試加強課+初試專屬服務+復試全科標準班服務 |