2014考研英語完形填空:知識點答疑_跨考網

　　完型填空真題分析

　　Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories (21) ____ on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior (22) ____ they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through (23) ____ with others. Theories focusing on the role of society that children commit crimes in (24) ____ to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status (25) ____ as a rejection of middle-class values.

　　Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, (26) ____ the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes (27) ____ lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are (28) ____ to criticism.

　　Changes in the social structure may indirectly (29) ____ juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that (30) ____ to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment (31) ____ make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in (32) ____ lead more youths into criminal behavior.

　　Families have also (33) ____ changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; (34) ____, children are likely to have less supervision at home (35) ____ was common in the traditional family (36) ____. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other (37) ____ causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased (38) ____ of drugs and alcohol, and the growing (39) ____ of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, (40) ____ a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.

　　21.[A] acting [B] relying [C] centering [D] cementing

　　22.[A] before [B] unless [C] until [D] because

　　23.[A] interactions　[B] assimilation [C] cooperation [D] consultation

　　24.[A] return [B] reply [C] reference [D] response

　　25.[A] or [B] but rather [C] but [D] or else

　　26.[A] considering [B] ignoring [C] highlighting [D] discarding

　　27.[A] on [B] in [C] for [D] with

　　28.[A] immune [B] resistant [C] sensitive [D] subject

　　29.[A] affect [B] reduce [C] chock [D] reflect

　　30.[A] point [B] lead [C] come [D] amount

　　31.[A] in general [B] on average [C] by contrast [D] at length

　　32.[A] case [B] short [C] turn [D] essence

　　33.[A] survived [B] noticed [C] undertaken [D] experienced

　　34.[A] contrarily　[B] consequently　[C] similarly　[D] simultaneously

　　35.[A] than [B] that [C] which [D] as

　　36.[A] system [B] structure [C] concept [D] heritage

　　37.[A] assessable [B] identifiable [C] negligible [D]incredible

　　38.[A] expense [B] restriction [C] allocation [D] availability

　　39.[A] incidence [B] awareness [C] exposure [D] popularity

　　40.[A] provided [B] since [C] although [D] supposing

　　從總體上看，2004年的考研完型填空難度并不高，無論是文章本身的閱讀難度還是所考查的詞匯難度都處于平均水平。從文章背景來看這是一篇有關探討導致青少年犯罪因素理論的社會科學類說明文，仍然遵循了近些年來完型文章基本都是選取有關社會科學題材的說明文或議論文的傳統(tǒng)。從文章的布局和結構來看，依舊按照完型文章最為典型的總分對照結構，由總述句概括出一個中心主線，整篇文章圍繞著這個中心主線展開，具體的文章結構和中心主線分析如下：

　　本文采用了總分對照結構，文章的首句即為本文的總述句，直接定義出本文的核心主題：“Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence.”

　　即本文主題是有關青少年犯罪的理論，而且這些理論主要分為兩大類：一類側重于個人因素的影響，另一類側重于社會因素的影響。文章的分述部分就是圍繞著這些理論詳細展開，具體列舉了造成青少年犯罪率上升的幾種因素。

　　詞匯考點分析

　　從所考查的詞匯分布來看，2004年完型仍然是重點考查動詞的用法、近義詞辨析、以及通過考連詞考查考生對上下文(句)邏輯關系的理解這三大考點。

　　考查動詞用法的題占了6道，包括21、26、29、30、33、40題;考查名詞近義詞辨析占了6道，包括23、24、32、36、38、39 題;考查形容詞近義詞辨析占了2道，比往年要少，包括28和37題;考查副詞近義詞辨析只有1道，34題;考查近義詞辨析的題一共有9道;通過考連詞考查上下文(句)邏輯關系的題占了3道，包括22、25、35題;從上述分析可以看出，三大考點就一共占了完型填空全部20道題中的18道題。其他的考介詞的 1道(27題)、考固定搭配的1道(31題)。

　　英語知識運用分析

　　21. 答案：[C] centering

　　分析：本題是典型的“復現(xiàn)”題，即作者在文章不同的地方使用相同或者不同的詞匯表達相同或類似的意思。本文的第一句話中(Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence)，已經使用了詞組：. focus on(關注于，側重于，著重于)解釋理論側重于的內容;而且本段落的最后一句話在解釋另一種理論所側重于的內容時，又一次使用了focus on (Theories focusing on the role of society……), 所以，作者為本題已經給出了明確的已知提示線索—“focus on”，從4個選項中選出centering on表達與focus on同樣意思即可。

　　22. 答案：[D] because

　　分析：本題是考查上下句邏輯關系銜接的連詞題，從前后兩句來看一定是因果關系，后面的句子(they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or……)是對前一句青少年為什么犯罪的解釋，只能選擇[D] because。如果選擇了其他三個選項，上下句的邏輯關系就不通了。

　　23. 答案：[A] interactions

　　分析：本題明顯考查詞義的辨析，考查考生對這4個名詞意義和用法的深入理解。在4個選項中最具有干擾性的是 [B] assimilation(吸收，使同化)，這個詞不要理解為“模仿”，其準確意義用英文解釋為：(to become part of a group or society etc., or to make someone or something become part of a group or society), 即改變成為什么的一部分，即“同化。而從本題所在句子提供的信息是表示：青少年之所以犯罪的途徑是什么，介詞through 表達是就是通過什么途徑，本填空的所要選的名詞即表達這個途徑。青少年做“l(fā)earned criminal behavior”這個動作顯然不可能是通過“成為其他人的一部分”這個途徑。而[A] interactions 這個詞的意思是(activities of talking and doing things with other people)在這里表達了“與別人互動的意思，這樣與前邊青少年“l(fā)earned criminal behavior” 這個動作就形成合理搭配了。選項　[C] cooperation(合作)以及　[D] consultation(咨詢，商量)與本題題意不相符合。